The panda gave birth to a healthy baby last night. In this sentence, the panda points to one specific animal, we refer to it as specific reference.
Specific reference can be made either in a definite way or in an indefinite way.
Definite specific reference identifies the referent in question as in the above sentence the panda gave birth to a healthy baby last night.
Indefinite specific reference however, points to a particular, actual example of the class but fails to identify it, as in a dog charged at me when I was on my way home last night.
Specific reference may also result from the situational context or from linguistic context.
For example:
Would you pass me the salt? (situational context)
That's the dictionary I'm looking for. (linguistic context)
本题考查特指的用法。
The panda gave birth to a healthy baby last night. 句中的the panda指的是那个特定的动物，这就是特指。
特指可以分为确定特指和不确定特指。
确定特指有明确的讨论对象。上面的句子中the panda就是特指生了宝宝的那一个。
而不确定特指指向一个特定的、实际的类别，而不能准确定位到某一个事物。例：a dog charged at me when I was on my way home last night.
特指也可能来自情景语境或语言语境。
例：Would you pass me the salt? (情景语境)
That's the dictionary I'm looking for. (语言语境)
