Reading Comprehension 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 America's election day is 7 November. On that day citizens who wish to will cast their ballots for the presidential candidate they prefer. The result of this process is called the popular vote. However, not one of the votes cast on election day actually goes directly to a particular candidate. Why? It has to do with the electoral college. The electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. If Congress were to elect the president, he would be too easily controlled by the legislature. If all the citizens were to vote directly for the president, there might be too many local candidates and none representing a wide body of opinion; or it might be difficult to count the votes cast over a vast country. The framers of the Constitution intended that the electors, chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. In fact,the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. The electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable. But anyhow, America has retained the electoral college to choose its president and vice-president. There is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, yet generally they are chosen by the popular vote. Each political party in a state chooses a list of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins in the popular vote in the state. Members of the electoral college have the obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. This duty, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as presidential candidate, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a reflection of the popular vote in 7 November.